diff --git a/erpnext/accounts/doctype/bank_reconciliation/bank_reconciliation.py b/erpnext/accounts/doctype/bank_reconciliation/bank_reconciliation.py
index 7d6ce34..8bf1172 100644
--- a/erpnext/accounts/doctype/bank_reconciliation/bank_reconciliation.py
+++ b/erpnext/accounts/doctype/bank_reconciliation/bank_reconciliation.py
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
 		for d in self.get('entries'):
 			if d.clearance_date:
 				if d.cheque_date and getdate(d.clearance_date) < getdate(d.cheque_date):
-					frappe.throw("Clearance Date can not be before Cheque Date (Row #%s)" % d.idx)
+					frappe.throw(_("Clearance date cannot be before check date in row {0}").format(d.idx))
 
 				frappe.db.set_value("Journal Voucher", d.voucher_id, "clearance_date", d.clearance_date)
 				frappe.db.sql("""update `tabJournal Voucher` set clearance_date = %s, modified = %s
diff --git a/erpnext/accounts/doctype/gl_entry/gl_entry.py b/erpnext/accounts/doctype/gl_entry/gl_entry.py
index bbdf17e..93d1ae3 100644
--- a/erpnext/accounts/doctype/gl_entry/gl_entry.py
+++ b/erpnext/accounts/doctype/gl_entry/gl_entry.py
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import frappe
 
-from frappe.utils import flt, fmt_money, getdate
+from frappe.utils import flt, fmt_money, getdate, formatdate
 from frappe import _
-	
+
 from frappe.model.document import Document
 
 class GLEntry(Document):
@@ -27,28 +27,26 @@
 		# Update outstanding amt on against voucher
 		if self.against_voucher and self.against_voucher_type != "POS" \
 			and update_outstanding == 'Yes':
-				update_outstanding_amt(self.account, self.against_voucher_type, 
+				update_outstanding_amt(self.account, self.against_voucher_type,
 					self.against_voucher)
 
 	def check_mandatory(self):
 		mandatory = ['account','remarks','voucher_type','voucher_no','fiscal_year','company']
 		for k in mandatory:
 			if not self.get(k):
-				frappe.throw(k + _(" is mandatory for GL Entry"))
+				frappe.throw(_("{0} is required").format(k))
 
 		# Zero value transaction is not allowed
 		if not (flt(self.debit) or flt(self.credit)):
-			frappe.throw(_("GL Entry: Debit or Credit amount is mandatory for ") + 
-				self.account)
-			
+			frappe.throw(_("Either debit or credit amount is required for {0}").format(self.account))
+
 	def pl_must_have_cost_center(self):
 		if frappe.db.get_value("Account", self.account, "report_type") == "Profit and Loss":
 			if not self.cost_center and self.voucher_type != 'Period Closing Voucher':
-				frappe.throw(_("Cost Center must be specified for Profit and Loss type account: ") 
-					+ self.account)
+				frappe.throw(_("Cost Center is required for 'Profit and Loss' account {0}").format(self.account))
 		elif self.cost_center:
 			self.cost_center = None
-		
+
 	def validate_posting_date(self):
 		from erpnext.accounts.utils import validate_fiscal_year
 		validate_fiscal_year(self.posting_date, self.fiscal_year, "Posting Date")
@@ -56,55 +54,51 @@
 	def check_pl_account(self):
 		if self.is_opening=='Yes' and \
 				frappe.db.get_value("Account", self.account, "report_type")=="Profit and Loss":
-			frappe.throw(_("For opening balance entry, account can not be \
-				a Profit and Loss type account"))			
+			frappe.throw(_("'Profit and Loss' type account {0} not allowed in Opening Entry").format(self.account))
 
 	def validate_account_details(self, adv_adj):
 		"""Account must be ledger, active and not freezed"""
-		
-		ret = frappe.db.sql("""select group_or_ledger, docstatus, company 
+
+		ret = frappe.db.sql("""select group_or_ledger, docstatus, company
 			from tabAccount where name=%s""", self.account, as_dict=1)[0]
-		
+
 		if ret.group_or_ledger=='Group':
-			frappe.throw(_("Account") + ": " + self.account + _(" is not a ledger"))
+			frappe.throw(_("Account {0} cannot be a Group").format(self.account))
 
 		if ret.docstatus==2:
-			frappe.throw(_("Account") + ": " + self.account + _(" is not active"))
-			
+			frappe.throw(_("Account {0} is inactive").format(self.account))
+
 		if ret.company != self.company:
-			frappe.throw(_("Account") + ": " + self.account + 
-				_(" does not belong to the company") + ": " + self.company)
-				
+			frappe.throw(_("Account {0} does not belong to Company {1}").format(self.account, self.company))
+
 	def validate_cost_center(self):
 		if not hasattr(self, "cost_center_company"):
 			self.cost_center_company = {}
-		
+
 		def _get_cost_center_company():
 			if not self.cost_center_company.get(self.cost_center):
 				self.cost_center_company[self.cost_center] = frappe.db.get_value(
 					"Cost Center", self.cost_center, "company")
-			
+
 			return self.cost_center_company[self.cost_center]
-			
+
 		if self.cost_center and _get_cost_center_company() != self.company:
-				frappe.throw(_("Cost Center") + ": " + self.cost_center + 
-					_(" does not belong to the company") + ": " + self.company)
-						
+			frappe.throw(_("Cost Center {0} does not belong to Company {1}").format(self.cost_center, self.company))
+
 def validate_balance_type(account, adv_adj=False):
 	if not adv_adj and account:
 		balance_must_be = frappe.db.get_value("Account", account, "balance_must_be")
 		if balance_must_be:
-			balance = frappe.db.sql("""select sum(ifnull(debit, 0)) - sum(ifnull(credit, 0)) 
+			balance = frappe.db.sql("""select sum(ifnull(debit, 0)) - sum(ifnull(credit, 0))
 				from `tabGL Entry` where account = %s""", account)[0][0]
-			
+
 			if (balance_must_be=="Debit" and flt(balance) < 0) or \
 				(balance_must_be=="Credit" and flt(balance) > 0):
-					frappe.throw("Credit" if balance_must_be=="Debit" else "Credit" 
-						+ _(" balance is not allowed for account ") + account)
-				
+				frappe.throw(_("Balance for Account {0} must always be {1}").format(account, _(balance_must_be)))
+
 def check_freezing_date(posting_date, adv_adj=False):
 	"""
-		Nobody can do GL Entries where posting date is before freezing date 
+		Nobody can do GL Entries where posting date is before freezing date
 		except authorized person
 	"""
 	if not adv_adj:
@@ -113,14 +107,13 @@
 			bde_auth_role = frappe.db.get_value( 'Accounts Settings', None,'bde_auth_role')
 			if getdate(posting_date) <= getdate(acc_frozen_upto) \
 					and not bde_auth_role in frappe.user.get_roles():
-				frappe.throw(_("You are not authorized to do/modify back dated entries before ")
-					+ getdate(acc_frozen_upto).strftime('%d-%m-%Y'))
+				frappe.throw(_("You are not authorized to add or update entries before {0}").format(formatdate(acc_frozen_upto)))
 
 def update_outstanding_amt(account, against_voucher_type, against_voucher, on_cancel=False):
 	# get final outstanding amt
-	bal = flt(frappe.db.sql("""select sum(ifnull(debit, 0)) - sum(ifnull(credit, 0)) 
-		from `tabGL Entry` 
-		where against_voucher_type=%s and against_voucher=%s and account = %s""", 
+	bal = flt(frappe.db.sql("""select sum(ifnull(debit, 0)) - sum(ifnull(credit, 0))
+		from `tabGL Entry`
+		where against_voucher_type=%s and against_voucher=%s and account = %s""",
 		(against_voucher_type, against_voucher, account))[0][0] or 0.0)
 
 	if against_voucher_type == 'Purchase Invoice':
@@ -129,31 +122,28 @@
 		against_voucher_amount = flt(frappe.db.sql("""
 			select sum(ifnull(debit, 0)) - sum(ifnull(credit, 0))
 			from `tabGL Entry` where voucher_type = 'Journal Voucher' and voucher_no = %s
-			and account = %s and ifnull(against_voucher, '') = ''""", 
+			and account = %s and ifnull(against_voucher, '') = ''""",
 			(against_voucher, account))[0][0])
 		bal = against_voucher_amount + bal
 		if against_voucher_amount < 0:
 			bal = -bal
-	
+
 	# Validation : Outstanding can not be negative
 	if bal < 0 and not on_cancel:
-		frappe.throw(_("Outstanding for Voucher ") + against_voucher + _(" will become ") + 
-			fmt_money(bal) + _(". Outstanding cannot be less than zero. \
-			 	Please match exact outstanding."))
-		
+		frappe.throw(_("Outstanding for {0} cannot be less than zero ({1})").format(against_voucher, fmt_money(bal)))
+
 	# Update outstanding amt on against voucher
 	if against_voucher_type in ["Sales Invoice", "Purchase Invoice"]:
-		frappe.db.sql("update `tab%s` set outstanding_amount=%s where name=%s" % 
+		frappe.db.sql("update `tab%s` set outstanding_amount=%s where name=%s" %
 			(against_voucher_type, '%s', '%s'),	(bal, against_voucher))
-			
+
 def validate_frozen_account(account, adv_adj=None):
 	frozen_account = frappe.db.get_value("Account", account, "freeze_account")
 	if frozen_account == 'Yes' and not adv_adj:
-		frozen_accounts_modifier = frappe.db.get_value( 'Accounts Settings', None, 
+		frozen_accounts_modifier = frappe.db.get_value( 'Accounts Settings', None,
 			'frozen_accounts_modifier')
-		
+
 		if not frozen_accounts_modifier:
-			frappe.throw(account + _(" is a frozen account. Either make the account active or assign role in Accounts Settings who can create / modify entries against this account"))
+			frappe.throw(_("Account {0} is frozen").format(account))
 		elif frozen_accounts_modifier not in frappe.user.get_roles():
-			frappe.throw(account + _(" is a frozen account. To create / edit transactions against this account, you need role") \
-				+ ": " +  frozen_accounts_modifier)
+			frappe.throw(_("Not authorized to edit frozen Account {0}").format(account))
diff --git a/erpnext/accounts/doctype/journal_voucher/journal_voucher.py b/erpnext/accounts/doctype/journal_voucher/journal_voucher.py
index 5c3e2a3..223be3c 100644
--- a/erpnext/accounts/doctype/journal_voucher/journal_voucher.py
+++ b/erpnext/accounts/doctype/journal_voucher/journal_voucher.py
@@ -225,13 +225,11 @@
 		for d in self.get("entries"):
 			if d.against_invoice and frappe.db.get_value("Sales Invoice",
 					d.against_invoice, "debit_to") != d.account:
-				frappe.throw(_("Row #") + cstr(d.idx) +  ": " +
-					_("Account is not matching with Debit To account of Sales Invoice"))
+				frappe.throw(_("Account {0} must be sames as Debit To Account in Sales Invoice in row {0}").format(d.account, d.idx))
 
 			if d.against_voucher and frappe.db.get_value("Purchase Invoice",
 					d.against_voucher, "credit_to") != d.account:
-				frappe.throw(_("Row #") + cstr(d.idx) + ": " +
-					_("Account is not matching with Credit To account of Purchase Invoice"))
+				frappe.throw(_("Account {0} must be sames as Credit To Account in Purchase Invoice in row {0}").format(d.account, d.idx))
 
 	def make_gl_entries(self, cancel=0, adv_adj=0):
 		from erpnext.accounts.general_ledger import make_gl_entries
diff --git a/erpnext/accounts/doctype/pos_setting/pos_setting.py b/erpnext/accounts/doctype/pos_setting/pos_setting.py
index 383400f..ba592b0 100755
--- a/erpnext/accounts/doctype/pos_setting/pos_setting.py
+++ b/erpnext/accounts/doctype/pos_setting/pos_setting.py
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
 			for link_dn in dn_list:
 				if link_dn and not frappe.db.exists({"doctype": link_dt,
 						"company": self.company, "name": link_dn}):
-					frappe.throw(link_dn +_(" does not belong to ") + self.company)
+					frappe.throw(_("{0} does not belong to Company {1}").format(link_dn, self.company))
 
 	def on_update(self):
 		self.set_defaults()
diff --git a/erpnext/accounts/doctype/pricing_rule/pricing_rule.py b/erpnext/accounts/doctype/pricing_rule/pricing_rule.py
index eb70ee1..8a64cb4 100644
--- a/erpnext/accounts/doctype/pricing_rule/pricing_rule.py
+++ b/erpnext/accounts/doctype/pricing_rule/pricing_rule.py
@@ -9,28 +9,26 @@
 from frappe.model.controller import DocListController
 
 class PricingRule(DocListController):
-		
+
 	def validate(self):
 		self.validate_mandatory()
 		self.cleanup_fields_value()
-		
+
 	def validate_mandatory(self):
 		for field in ["apply_on", "applicable_for", "price_or_discount"]:
 			val = self.get("applicable_for")
 			if val and not self.get(frappe.scrub(val)):
-				throw("{fname} {msg}".format(fname = _(val), msg = _(" is mandatory")), 
-					frappe.MandatoryError)
-		
+				throw(_("{0} is required").format(val), frappe.MandatoryError)
+
 	def cleanup_fields_value(self):
 		for logic_field in ["apply_on", "applicable_for", "price_or_discount"]:
 			fieldname = frappe.scrub(self.get(logic_field) or "")
-			
+
 			# reset all values except for the logic field
 			options = (self.meta.get_options(logic_field) or "").split("\n")
 			for f in options:
 				if not f: continue
-				
+
 				f = frappe.scrub(f)
 				if f!=fieldname:
 					self.set(f, None)
-		
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/erpnext/accounts/doctype/purchase_invoice/purchase_invoice.py b/erpnext/accounts/doctype/purchase_invoice/purchase_invoice.py
index ea74fd6..d2bf427 100644
--- a/erpnext/accounts/doctype/purchase_invoice/purchase_invoice.py
+++ b/erpnext/accounts/doctype/purchase_invoice/purchase_invoice.py
@@ -221,11 +221,11 @@
 			if d.purchase_order:
 				submitted = frappe.db.sql("select name from `tabPurchase Order` where docstatus = 1 and name = %s", d.purchase_order)
 				if not submitted:
-					frappe.throw("Purchase Order : "+ cstr(d.purchase_order) +" is not submitted")
+					frappe.throw(_("Purchase Order {0} is not submitted").format(d.purchase_order))
 			if d.purchase_receipt:
 				submitted = frappe.db.sql("select name from `tabPurchase Receipt` where docstatus = 1 and name = %s", d.purchase_receipt)
 				if not submitted:
-					frappe.throw("Purchase Receipt : "+ cstr(d.purchase_receipt) +" is not submitted")
+					frappe.throw(_("Purchase Receipt {0} is not submitted").format(d.purchase_receipt))
 
 
 	def update_against_document_in_jv(self):
@@ -305,9 +305,7 @@
 			# accumulate valuation tax
 			if tax.category in ("Valuation", "Valuation and Total") and flt(tax.tax_amount):
 				if auto_accounting_for_stock and not tax.cost_center:
-					frappe.throw(_("Row %(row)s: Cost Center is mandatory \
-						if tax/charges category is Valuation or Valuation and Total" %
-						{"row": tax.idx}))
+					frappe.throw(_("Cost Center is required in row {0} in Taxes table for type {1}").format(tax.idx, _(tax.category)))
 				valuation_tax.setdefault(tax.cost_center, 0)
 				valuation_tax[tax.cost_center] += \
 					(tax.add_deduct_tax == "Add" and 1 or -1) * flt(tax.tax_amount)
diff --git a/erpnext/accounts/doctype/sales_invoice/pos.py b/erpnext/accounts/doctype/sales_invoice/pos.py
index 74ff03f..f6e808d 100644
--- a/erpnext/accounts/doctype/sales_invoice/pos.py
+++ b/erpnext/accounts/doctype/sales_invoice/pos.py
@@ -8,12 +8,12 @@
 def get_items(price_list, sales_or_purchase, item=None, item_group=None):
 	condition = ""
 	args = {"price_list": price_list}
-	
+
 	if sales_or_purchase == "Sales":
 		condition = "i.is_sales_item='Yes'"
 	else:
 		condition = "i.is_purchase_item='Yes'"
-	
+
 	if item_group and item_group != "All Item Groups":
 		condition += " and i.item_group='%s'" % item_group.replace("'", "\'")
 
@@ -21,10 +21,10 @@
 		condition += " and CONCAT(i.name, i.item_name) like %(name)s"
 		args["name"] = "%%%s%%" % item
 
-	return frappe.db.sql("""select i.name, i.item_name, i.image, 
-		item_det.price_list_rate, item_det.currency 
-		from `tabItem` i LEFT JOIN 
-			(select item_code, price_list_rate, currency from 
+	return frappe.db.sql("""select i.name, i.item_name, i.image,
+		item_det.price_list_rate, item_det.currency
+		from `tabItem` i LEFT JOIN
+			(select item_code, price_list_rate, currency from
 				`tabItem Price`	where price_list=%s) item_det
 		ON
 			item_det.item_code=i.name
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 @frappe.whitelist()
 def get_item_code(barcode_serial_no):
 	input_via = "serial_no"
-	item_code = frappe.db.sql("""select name, item_code from `tabSerial No` where 
+	item_code = frappe.db.sql("""select name, item_code from `tabSerial No` where
 		name=%s""", (barcode_serial_no), as_dict=1)
 
 	if not item_code:
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
 	if item_code:
 		return item_code, input_via
 	else:
-		frappe.throw("Invalid Barcode / Serial No")
+		frappe.throw(frappe._("Invalid Barcode or Serial No"))
 
 @frappe.whitelist()
 def get_mode_of_payment():
diff --git a/erpnext/accounts/party.py b/erpnext/accounts/party.py
index ae21099..5713a90 100644
--- a/erpnext/accounts/party.py
+++ b/erpnext/accounts/party.py
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 	party = out[party_type.lower()]
 
 	if not ignore_permissions and not frappe.has_permission(party_type, "read", party):
-		frappe.throw("Not Permitted", frappe.PermissionError)
+		frappe.throw(_("Not permitted"), frappe.PermissionError)
 
 	party = frappe.get_doc(party_type, party)
 
diff --git a/erpnext/accounts/utils.py b/erpnext/accounts/utils.py
index a2224d8..e404fbb 100644
--- a/erpnext/accounts/utils.py
+++ b/erpnext/accounts/utils.py
@@ -294,20 +294,19 @@
 
 					args["month_end_date"] = frappe.db.sql("select LAST_DAY(%s)",
 						args.posting_date)[0][0]
-					action_for, action = "Monthly", monthly_action
+					action_for, action = _("Monthly"), monthly_action
 
 				elif yearly_action in ["Stop", "Warn"]:
 					budget_amount = budget[0].budget_allocated
-					action_for, action = "Monthly", yearly_action
+					action_for, action = _("Annual"), yearly_action
 
 				if action_for:
 					actual_expense = get_actual_expense(args)
 					if actual_expense > budget_amount:
-						throw(action_for + _(" budget ") + cstr(budget_amount) +
-							_(" for account ") + args.account + _(" against cost center ") +
-							args.cost_center + _(" will exceed by ") +
-							cstr(actual_expense - budget_amount) + _(" after this transaction.")
-							, exc=BudgetError if action=="Stop" else False)
+						frappe.msgprint(_("{0} budget for Account {1} against Cost Center {2} will exceed by {3}").format(
+							_(action_for), args.account, args.cost_center, cstr(actual_expense - budget_amount)))
+						if action=="Stop":
+							raise BudgetError
 
 def get_allocated_budget(distribution_id, posting_date, fiscal_year, yearly_budget):
 	if distribution_id:
diff --git a/erpnext/buying/doctype/purchase_common/purchase_common.py b/erpnext/buying/doctype/purchase_common/purchase_common.py
index 6009c18..1addb42 100644
--- a/erpnext/buying/doctype/purchase_common/purchase_common.py
+++ b/erpnext/buying/doctype/purchase_common/purchase_common.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 import frappe
 
 from frappe.utils import cstr, flt
-from frappe import msgprint, _
+from frappe import _
 
 from erpnext.stock.doctype.item.item import get_last_purchase_details
 from erpnext.controllers.buying_controller import BuyingController
@@ -33,8 +33,7 @@
 				if flt(d.conversion_factor):
 					last_purchase_rate = flt(d.base_rate) / flt(d.conversion_factor)
 				else:
-					frappe.throw(_("Row ") + cstr(d.idx) + ": " +
-						_("UOM Conversion Factor is mandatory"))
+					frappe.throw(_("UOM Conversion factor is required in row {0}").format(d.idx))
 
 			# update last purchsae rate
 			if last_purchase_rate:
@@ -71,7 +70,7 @@
 		for d in obj.get(obj.fname):
 			# validation for valid qty
 			if flt(d.qty) < 0 or (d.parenttype != 'Purchase Receipt' and not flt(d.qty)):
-				frappe.throw("Please enter valid qty for item %s" % cstr(d.item_code))
+				frappe.throw(_("Please enter quantity for Item {0}").format(d.item_code))
 
 			# udpate with latest quantities
 			bin = frappe.db.sql("""select projected_qty from `tabBin` where
@@ -86,19 +85,17 @@
 
 			item = frappe.db.sql("""select is_stock_item, is_purchase_item,
 				is_sub_contracted_item, end_of_life from `tabItem` where name=%s""", d.item_code)
-			if not item:
-				frappe.throw("Item %s does not exist in Item Master." % cstr(d.item_code))
 
 			from erpnext.stock.doctype.item.item import validate_end_of_life
 			validate_end_of_life(d.item_code, item[0][3])
 
 			# validate stock item
 			if item[0][0]=='Yes' and d.qty and not d.warehouse:
-				frappe.throw("Warehouse is mandatory for %s, since it is a stock item" % d.item_code)
+				frappe.throw(_("Warehouse is mandatory for stock Item {0} in row {1}").format(d.item_code, d.idx))
 
 			# validate purchase item
 			if item[0][1] != 'Yes' and item[0][2] != 'Yes':
-				frappe.throw("Item %s is not a purchase item or sub-contracted item. Please check" % (d.item_code))
+				frappe.throw(_("{0} must be a Purchased or Sub-Contracted Item in row {1}").format(d.item_code, d.idx))
 
 			# list criteria that should not repeat if item is stock item
 			e = [getattr(d, "schedule_date", None), d.item_code, d.description, d.warehouse, d.uom,
@@ -114,16 +111,14 @@
 			if ch and ch[0][0] == 'Yes':
 				# check for same items
 				if e in check_list:
-					frappe.throw("""Item %s has been entered more than once with same description, schedule date, warehouse and uom.\n
-						Please change any of the field value to enter the item twice""" % d.item_code)
+					frappe.throw(_("Item {0} has been entered multiple times with same description or date or warehouse").format(d.item_code))
 				else:
 					check_list.append(e)
 
 			elif ch and ch[0][0] == 'No':
 				# check for same items
 				if f in chk_dupl_itm:
-					frappe.throw("""Item %s has been entered more than once with same description, schedule date.\n
-						Please change any of the field value to enter the item twice.""" % d.item_code)
+					frappe.throw(_("Item {0} has been entered multiple times with same description or date").format(d.item_code))
 				else:
 					chk_dupl_itm.append(f)
 
@@ -152,8 +147,7 @@
 		stopped = frappe.db.sql("""select name from `tab%s` where name = %s and
 			status = 'Stopped'""" % (doctype, '%s'), docname)
 		if stopped:
-			frappe.throw("One cannot do any transaction against %s : %s, it's status is 'Stopped'" %
-				(doctype, docname), exc=frappe.InvalidStatusError)
+			frappe.throw("{0} {1} status is 'Stopped'".format(doctype, docname), frappe.InvalidStatusError)
 
 	def check_docstatus(self, check, doctype, docname, detail_doctype = ''):
 		if check == 'Next':
@@ -161,11 +155,10 @@
 				where t1.name = t2.parent and t2.prevdoc_docname = %s and t1.docstatus = 1"""
 				% (doctype, detail_doctype, '%s'), docname)
 			if submitted:
-				frappe.throw(cstr(doctype) + ": " + cstr(submitted[0][0])
-					+ _("has already been submitted."))
+				frappe.throw(_("{0} {1} has already been submitted").format(doctype, submitted[0][0]))
 
 		if check == 'Previous':
 			submitted = frappe.db.sql("""select name from `tab%s`
 				where docstatus = 1 and name = %s""" % (doctype, '%s'), docname)
 			if not submitted:
-				frappe.throw(cstr(doctype) + ": " + cstr(submitted[0][0]) + _("not submitted"))
+				frappe.throw(_("{0} {1} is not submitted").format(doctype, submitted[0][0]))
diff --git a/erpnext/controllers/accounts_controller.py b/erpnext/controllers/accounts_controller.py
index 137bf50..dbcccc7 100644
--- a/erpnext/controllers/accounts_controller.py
+++ b/erpnext/controllers/accounts_controller.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import frappe
 from frappe import _, throw
-from frappe.utils import flt, cint, today, cstr
+from frappe.utils import flt, cint, today
 from erpnext.setup.utils import get_company_currency
 from erpnext.accounts.utils import get_fiscal_year, validate_fiscal_year
 from erpnext.utilities.transaction_base import TransactionBase
@@ -191,38 +191,17 @@
 		"""
 		if tax.charge_type in ["On Previous Row Amount", "On Previous Row Total"] and \
 				(not tax.row_id or cint(tax.row_id) >= tax.idx):
-			throw((_("Row") + " # %(idx)s [%(taxes_doctype)s]: " + \
-				_("Please specify a valid") + " %(row_id_label)s") % {
-					"idx": tax.idx,
-					"taxes_doctype": tax.doctype,
-					"row_id_label": self.meta.get_label("row_id",
-						parentfield=self.other_fname)
-				})
+			throw(_("Please specify a valid Row ID for {0} in row {1}").format(_(tax.doctype), tax.idx))
 
 	def validate_inclusive_tax(self, tax):
 		def _on_previous_row_error(row_range):
-			throw((_("Row") + " # %(idx)s [%(doctype)s]: " +
-				_("to be included in Item's rate, it is required that: ") +
-				" [" + _("Row") + " # %(row_range)s] " + _("also be included in Item's rate")) % {
-					"idx": tax.idx,
-					"doctype": tax.doctype,
-					"inclusive_label": frappe.get_meta(tax.doctype).get_label("included_in_print_rate"),
-					"charge_type_label": frappe.get_meta(tax.doctype).get_label("charge_type"),
-					"charge_type": tax.charge_type,
-					"row_range": row_range
-				})
+			throw(_("To include tax in row {0} in Item rate, taxes in rows {1} must also be included").format(tax.idx,
+				row_range))
 
 		if cint(getattr(tax, "included_in_print_rate", None)):
 			if tax.charge_type == "Actual":
 				# inclusive tax cannot be of type Actual
-				throw((_("Row")
-					+ " # %(idx)s [%(doctype)s]: %(charge_type_label)s = \"%(charge_type)s\" "
-					+ "cannot be included in Item's rate") % {
-						"idx": tax.idx,
-						"doctype": tax.doctype,
-						"charge_type_label": frappe.get_meta(tax.doctype).get_label("charge_type"),
-						"charge_type": tax.charge_type,
-					})
+				throw(_("Charge of type 'Actual' in row {0} cannot be included in Item Rate").format(tax.idx))
 			elif tax.charge_type == "On Previous Row Amount" and \
 					not cint(self.tax_doclist[cint(tax.row_id) - 1].included_in_print_rate):
 				# referred row should also be inclusive
@@ -434,17 +413,7 @@
 
 					if total_billed_amt - max_allowed_amt > 0.01:
 						reduce_by = total_billed_amt - max_allowed_amt
-
-						frappe.throw(_("Row #") + cstr(item.idx) + ": " +
-							_(" Max amount allowed for Item ") + cstr(item.item_code) +
-							_(" against ") + ref_dt + " " +
-							cstr(item.get(ref_dt.lower().replace(" ", "_"))) + _(" is ") +
-							cstr(max_allowed_amt) + ". \n" +
-							_("""If you want to increase your overflow tolerance, please increase \
-							tolerance % in Global Defaults or Item master.
-							Or, you must reduce the amount by """) + cstr(reduce_by) + "\n" +
-							_("""Also, please check if the order item has already been billed \
-								in the Sales Order"""))
+						frappe.throw(_("Cannot overbill for Item {0} in row {0} more than {1}. To allow overbilling, please set in 'Setup' > 'Global Defaults'").format(item.item_code, item.row, max_allowed_amt))
 
 	def get_company_default(self, fieldname):
 		from erpnext.accounts.utils import get_company_default
diff --git a/erpnext/controllers/selling_controller.py b/erpnext/controllers/selling_controller.py
index b13fea2..14f5192 100644
--- a/erpnext/controllers/selling_controller.py
+++ b/erpnext/controllers/selling_controller.py
@@ -361,9 +361,7 @@
 			if d.get(ref_fieldname):
 				status = frappe.db.get_value("Sales Order", d.get(ref_fieldname), "status")
 				if status == "Stopped":
-					frappe.throw(self.doctype +
-						_(" can not be created/modified against stopped Sales Order ") +
-						d.get(ref_fieldname))
+					frappe.throw(_("Sales Order {0} is stopped").format(d.get(ref_fieldname)))
 
 def check_active_sales_items(obj):
 	for d in obj.get(obj.fname):
diff --git a/erpnext/hr/doctype/appraisal/appraisal.py b/erpnext/hr/doctype/appraisal/appraisal.py
index 090ba20..31ca34c 100644
--- a/erpnext/hr/doctype/appraisal/appraisal.py
+++ b/erpnext/hr/doctype/appraisal/appraisal.py
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import frappe
 
-from frappe.utils import cstr, flt, getdate
+from frappe.utils import flt, getdate
 
-from frappe import msgprint, _
+from frappe import _
 from frappe.model.mapper import get_mapped_doc
 from frappe.model.document import Document
 
@@ -34,9 +34,7 @@
 			or (end_date>=%s and end_date<=%s))""",
 			(self.employee,self.start_date,self.end_date,self.start_date,self.end_date))
 		if chk:
-			frappe.throw("You have already created Appraisal "\
-				+cstr(chk[0][0])+" in the current date range for employee "\
-				+cstr(self.employee_name))
+			frappe.throw(_("Appraisal {0} created for Employee {1} in the given date range").format(chk[0][0], self.employee_name))
 
 	def calculate_total(self):
 		total, total_w  = 0, 0
diff --git a/erpnext/hr/doctype/employee/employee.py b/erpnext/hr/doctype/employee/employee.py
index 914d80d..4550007 100644
--- a/erpnext/hr/doctype/employee/employee.py
+++ b/erpnext/hr/doctype/employee/employee.py
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import frappe
 
-from frappe.utils import getdate, validate_email_add, cstr, cint
+from frappe.utils import getdate, validate_email_add, cint
 from frappe.model.naming import make_autoname
-from frappe import msgprint, throw, _
+from frappe import throw, _
 import frappe.permissions
 from frappe.defaults import get_restrictions
 from frappe.model.controller import DocListController
@@ -37,16 +37,16 @@
 		if self.user_id:
 			self.validate_for_enabled_user_id()
 			self.validate_duplicate_user_id()
-		
+
 	def on_update(self):
 		if self.user_id and frappe.db.get_value("User", self.user_id, 'docstatus') == 0:
 			self.restrict_user()
 			self.update_user_default()
 			self.update_user()
-		
+
 		self.update_dob_event()
 		self.restrict_leave_approver()
-				
+
 	def restrict_user(self):
 		"""restrict to this employee for user"""
 		self.add_restriction_if_required("Employee", self.user_id)
@@ -54,32 +54,32 @@
 	def update_user_default(self):
 		frappe.db.set_default("employee_name", self.employee_name, self.user_id)
 		frappe.db.set_default("company", self.company, self.user_id)
-	
+
 	def restrict_leave_approver(self):
 		"""restrict to this employee for leave approver"""
 		employee_leave_approvers = [d.leave_approver for d in self.get("employee_leave_approvers")]
 		if self.reports_to and self.reports_to not in employee_leave_approvers:
 			employee_leave_approvers.append(frappe.db.get_value("Employee", self.reports_to, "user_id"))
-			
+
 		for user in employee_leave_approvers:
 			self.add_restriction_if_required("Employee", user)
 			self.add_restriction_if_required("Leave Application", user)
-				
+
 	def add_restriction_if_required(self, doctype, user):
 		if frappe.permissions.has_only_non_restrict_role(doctype, user) \
 			and self.name not in get_restrictions(user).get("Employee", []):
-			
+
 			frappe.defaults.add_default("Employee", self.name, user, "Restriction")
-	
+
 	def update_user(self):
 		# add employee role if missing
 		if not "Employee" in frappe.db.sql_list("""select role from tabUserRole
 				where parent=%s""", self.user_id):
 			from frappe.utils.user import add_role
 			add_role(self.user_id, "Employee")
-			
+
 		user_wrapper = frappe.get_doc("User", self.user_id)
-		
+
 		# copy details like Fullname, DOB and Image to User
 		if self.employee_name:
 			employee_name = self.employee_name.split(" ")
@@ -88,15 +88,15 @@
 				user_wrapper.middle_name = employee_name[1]
 			elif len(employee_name) == 2:
 				user_wrapper.last_name = employee_name[1]
-			
+
 			user_wrapper.first_name = employee_name[0]
-				
+
 		if self.date_of_birth:
 			user_wrapper.birth_date = self.date_of_birth
-		
+
 		if self.gender:
 			user_wrapper.gender = self.gender
-			
+
 		if self.image:
 			if not user_wrapper.user_image == self.image:
 				user_wrapper.user_image = self.image
@@ -112,72 +112,62 @@
 					pass
 		user_wrapper.ignore_permissions = True
 		user_wrapper.save()
-		
+
 	def validate_date(self):
 		if self.date_of_birth and self.date_of_joining and getdate(self.date_of_birth) >= getdate(self.date_of_joining):
 			throw(_("Date of Joining must be greater than Date of Birth"))
 
 		elif self.scheduled_confirmation_date and self.date_of_joining and (getdate(self.scheduled_confirmation_date) < getdate(self.date_of_joining)):
 			throw(_("Scheduled Confirmation Date must be greater than Date of Joining"))
-		
+
 		elif self.final_confirmation_date and self.date_of_joining and (getdate(self.final_confirmation_date) < getdate(self.date_of_joining)):
 			throw(_("Final Confirmation Date must be greater than Date of Joining"))
-		
+
 		elif self.date_of_retirement and self.date_of_joining and (getdate(self.date_of_retirement) <= getdate(self.date_of_joining)):
 			throw(_("Date Of Retirement must be greater than Date of Joining"))
-		
+
 		elif self.relieving_date and self.date_of_joining and (getdate(self.relieving_date) <= getdate(self.date_of_joining)):
 			throw(_("Relieving Date must be greater than Date of Joining"))
-		
+
 		elif self.contract_end_date and self.date_of_joining and (getdate(self.contract_end_date)<=getdate(self.date_of_joining)):
 			throw(_("Contract End Date must be greater than Date of Joining"))
-	 
+
 	def validate_email(self):
 		if self.company_email and not validate_email_add(self.company_email):
 			throw(_("Please enter valid Company Email"))
 		if self.personal_email and not validate_email_add(self.personal_email):
 			throw(_("Please enter valid Personal Email"))
-				
+
 	def validate_status(self):
 		if self.status == 'Left' and not self.relieving_date:
 			throw(_("Please enter relieving date."))
 
 	def validate_for_enabled_user_id(self):
-		enabled = frappe.db.sql("""select name from `tabUser` where 
+		enabled = frappe.db.sql("""select name from `tabUser` where
 			name=%s and enabled=1""", self.user_id)
 		if not enabled:
-			throw("{id}: {user_id} {msg}".format(**{
-				"id": _("User ID"),
-				"user_id": self.user_id,
-				"msg": _("is disabled.")
-			}))
+			throw(_("User {0} is disabled").format(self.user_id))
 
 	def validate_duplicate_user_id(self):
-		employee = frappe.db.sql_list("""select name from `tabEmployee` where 
+		employee = frappe.db.sql_list("""select name from `tabEmployee` where
 			user_id=%s and status='Active' and name!=%s""", (self.user_id, self.name))
 		if employee:
-			throw("{id}: {user_id} {msg}: {employee}".format(**{
-				"id": _("User ID"),
-				"user_id": self.user_id,
-				"msg": _("is already assigned to Employee"),
-				"employee": employee[0]
-			}))
-			
+			throw(_("User {0} is already assigned to Employee {1}").format(self.user_id, employee[0]))
+
 	def validate_employee_leave_approver(self):
 		from frappe.utils.user import User
 		from erpnext.hr.doctype.leave_application.leave_application import InvalidLeaveApproverError
-		
+
 		for l in self.get("employee_leave_approvers"):
 			if "Leave Approver" not in User(l.leave_approver).get_roles():
-				throw(_("Invalid Leave Approver") + ": \"" + l.leave_approver + "\"",
-					exc=InvalidLeaveApproverError)
+				throw(_("{0} is not a valid Leave Approver").format(l.leave_approver), InvalidLeaveApproverError)
 
 	def update_dob_event(self):
 		if self.status == "Active" and self.date_of_birth \
 			and not cint(frappe.db.get_value("HR Settings", None, "stop_birthday_reminders")):
-			birthday_event = frappe.db.sql("""select name from `tabEvent` where repeat_on='Every Year' 
+			birthday_event = frappe.db.sql("""select name from `tabEvent` where repeat_on='Every Year'
 				and ref_type='Employee' and ref_name=%s""", self.name)
-			
+
 			starts_on = self.date_of_birth + " 00:00:00"
 			ends_on = self.date_of_birth + " 00:15:00"
 
diff --git a/erpnext/public/js/conf.js b/erpnext/public/js/conf.js
index 76a114c..65ffe2d 100644
--- a/erpnext/public/js/conf.js
+++ b/erpnext/public/js/conf.js
@@ -6,12 +6,9 @@
 // add toolbar icon
 $(document).bind('toolbar_setup', function() {
 	frappe.app.name = "ERPNext";
-	
-	var brand = ($("<div></div>").append(frappe.boot.website_settings.brand_html).text() || 'erpnext');
-	$('.navbar-brand').html('<div style="display: inline-block;">\
-			<object type="image/svg+xml" data="assets/erpnext/images/splash.svg" class="toolbar-splash"></object>\
-		</div>' + brand)
-	.attr("title", brand)
+
+	$('.navbar-brand').html('<i class="icon-home"></i>')
+	.attr("title", "Home")
 	.addClass("navbar-icon-home")
 	.css({
 		"max-width": "200px",
@@ -24,19 +21,20 @@
 frappe.ui.misc.about = function() {
 	if(!frappe.ui.misc.about_dialog) {
 		var d = new frappe.ui.Dialog({title: __('About')})
-	
+
 		$(d.body).html(repl("<div>\
 		<h2>ERPNext</h2>  \
-		<p>"+__("An open source ERP made for the web.</p>") +
+		<h4 class='text-muted'>"+__("Built on") + " Frappe Framework"+"</h4>  \
+		<p>"+__("Open source ERP built for the web") + "</p>" +
 		"<p>"+__("To report an issue, go to ")+"<a href='https://github.com/frappe/erpnext/issues'>GitHub Issues</a></p> \
 		<p><a href='http://erpnext.org' target='_blank'>http://erpnext.org</a>.</p>\
 		<p><a href='http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html'>License: GNU General Public License Version 3</a></p>\
 		<hr>\
 		<p>&copy; 2014 Web Notes Technologies Pvt. Ltd and contributers </p> \
 		</div>", frappe.app));
-	
-		frappe.ui.misc.about_dialog = d;		
+
+		frappe.ui.misc.about_dialog = d;
 	}
-	
+
 	frappe.ui.misc.about_dialog.show();
 }